Identification for High Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Quantitative Analysis of Fundus Vessels and Metabolic Molecules

This study uses an ambidirectional cohort design comprising both retrospective and prospective phases. The retrospective phase includes eligible participants identified from clinical records between June 01, 2022 and May 13, 2024. The prospective phase includes participants enrolled between May 14, 2024 and December 31, 2026, with follow-up for cardiovascular events.

Inclusion criteria

• Age over 18 years old, informed consent to this study, suspected myocardial ischemia symptoms or multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors, completion of coronary angiography, blood sample collection, completion of binocular fundus color photography during hospitalization, and clinical data are available.

Exclusion criteria

• 1: Heart transplantation or other organ transplantation

2: Severe cardiac insufficiency (New York Heart Association Grade IV or LVEF≤ 20%)

3: History of severe congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, myocardial disease, pericardial disease, aortic dissection

4: Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or who plan to become pregnant during the study period

5: progressive fatal diseases

6: A history of alcohol or drug abuse

7: Being treated for a mental illness

8: Patients with tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy

9: Patients with acute and chronic infectious diseases

10: Severe liver and renal insufficiency, thyroid disease, autoimmune disease

11: Expected survival less than 5 years

12: Ophthalmic diseases affecting fundus blood vessels and optic disc structure, such as retinal artery or vein obstruction, glaucoma, congenital optic disc abnormalities, etc. 14) The image quality of fundus color imaging with severe dioptric interstitial opacity.