The Effect of IoT-based Smart Exercises System in the Senior Adults: Resistance Band Training System

To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.

To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.

Participant's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).

Participant's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).

Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Back scratch: with one hand reaching over the shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance(cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.

Back scratch: with one hand reaching over the shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance(cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.

From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance(cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.

From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance(cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.

Number of full stands that can be completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.

Number of full stands that can be completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.

2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.

2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.

8-foot up-&-go test: number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.

8-foot up-&-go test: number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.

Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.

Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.

Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer

Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer

Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer

Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer

Gait speed test is assessed by 4-meter walk test.

Gait speed test is assessed by 4-meter walk test.

Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.

Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.

The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia. The questionnaire contains five items, which are Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. Score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcomes.

The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia. The questionnaire contains five items, which are Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. Score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcomes.

EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333 (having extreme problems in all dimensions).

EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333 (having extreme problems in all dimensions).

The 8 items of the questionnaire included Dimensions, Weight, Ease in Adjusting, Safety and Security, Durability , Ease of Use, Comfortable, and Effectiveness. Each item employed a 5-point scale, with 1-point representing not satisfied at all, and 5-point representing very satisfied.Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology.