Effects of Foot Reflexology on Postoperative Pain, Anxiety, Nausea, and Vomiting Among Patients After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure that may be associated with postoperative pain, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms can negatively affect patients' comfort and recovery. This study evaluates the effect of foot reflexology as a complementary nursing intervention on pain, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting among patients following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The study uses a quasi-experimental design. Eligible patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy will be recruited according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and allocated to the study and comparison groups according to the study protocol. The intervention group will receive foot reflexology in addition to routine postoperative care, while the comparison group will receive routine postoperative care. Pain, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting will be assessed using the study's specified assessment tools. Outcomes will be compared between groups to determine the effect of foot reflexology.

Inclusion criteria

• Adult patients aged 18 years and older undergoing laparoscopic surgery.
• Patients who are conscious, oriented, and able to communicate.
• Patients who provide informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with foot lesions, skin infections, fractures, or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities.
• Patients with severe neurological deficits or neuropathy affecting the lower limbs.
• Patients with a history of severe cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorders.