Study on Precision Dosing Strategies of Anti-infective Agents in the Very Early Stage of Kidney Transplantation

Inclusion criteria

• Aged >= 18 years old;
• Patients receiving kidney transplantation within 0-5 days postoperatively;
• Clinically planned administration of anti-infective agents for perioperative prophylaxis, empirical therapy or confirmed infection treatment, with an anticipated treatment duration of no less than 5 days;
• Written informed consent obtained from the subject or legal surrogate;
• Indwelling urinary catheter retained for at least 48 hours postoperatively to facilitate early urine sample collection;
• Patients anticipated to be free of dialysis requirement with urine output or early graft functional recovery at enrollment.

Exclusion criteria

• Previous kidney transplantation or combined multi-organ transplantation
• Patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy in the early postoperative period
• Severe hepatic dysfunction, defined as Child-Pugh class C, or ALT/AST > 5 times the upper limit of normal accompanied by markedly elevated bilirubin
• Early postoperative use of ECMO, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapies that substantially alter drug clearance
• Pregnancy or lactation
• Subjects judged inappropriate for enrollment by investigators, including those with unfeasible sampling, extremely short expected survival, severe missing clinical data, etc.