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NCT Number: NCT07758998

The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Smoking Behavior Among Nursing Students

Smoking is one of the leading preventable public health problems worldwide, particularly among young adults who are at increased risk of nicotine dependence. Nursing students represent an important target population because, as future health professionals, they are expected to play a significant role in tobacco control and smoking cessation counseling. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks for promoting health behavior change. The aim of this study will be to determine the effect of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing on changing smoking behavior among nursing students.

This study will be planned as a single-group, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest intervention. Nursing students who smoke cigarettes and voluntarily agree to participate will be included in the study. At baseline, participants will complete a Demographic Information Form, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Stages of Change questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale, the Processes of Change Scale, and the Decisional Balance Scale.

Participants will receive Transtheoretical Model-based educational sessions and motivational interviewing interventions focusing on the health effects of smoking, reasons for smoking, the benefits of smoking cessation, identification of social support resources, relapse prevention strategies, and successful smoking cessation experiences. The Stages of Change questionnaire will be administered before each motivational interviewing session, and all outcome measures will be reassessed during follow-up evaluations. The study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing in reducing smoking behavior, decreasing nicotine dependence, promoting progression through the stages of change, improving self-efficacy, enhancing the use of behavioral change processes, and supporting smoking cessation among nursing students.

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Key information

Conditions

Tobacco Use Behavior Health Behavior Smoking Smoking Cessation

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Kırklareli University Faculty of Health Sciences

Kırklareli, 39100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location contact

Sevim Meral Feratoğlu, MSc

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905346674614

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Nursing students currently enrolled in the study setting.
  • Aged 18 years or older.
  • Current cigarette smokers.
  • No self-reported health condition that would prevent participation in the intervention.
  • Willing and able to provide informed consent and participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

  • Inability to complete all planned stages of the study.
  • Withdrawal of consent or voluntary discontinuation from the study at any time.

Treatment and study plan

Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interviewing

Behavioral

Participants will receive a Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention to promote smoking behavior change and smoking cessation. Face-to-face motivational interviewing sessions will be conducted by a researcher trained in motivational interviewing. According to the intervention protocol, participants may receive between two and six sessions depending on their readiness to change, individual needs, and continued participation throughout the study. The intervention will include counseling and education on smoking-related health risks, smoking cessation, motivation enhancement, self-efficacy, behavior change strategies, social support, and relapse prevention. Participants' stage of change will be assessed before each session, and the intervention will be tailored accordingly. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated instruments measuring smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, stages of change, self-efficacy, and behavior change processes.

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Smoking Behavior

    Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months)

    The primary outcome is the change in smoking behavior following the Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention. Smoking behavior will be evaluated by the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and smoking cessation status.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Nicotine Dependence

    Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)

    Nicotine dependence will be assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher level of nicotine dependence.

  2. Change in Processes of Change

    Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment( 1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)

    Behavioral change processes will be assessed using the Processes of Change Scale. The total score ranges from 22 to 110, with higher scores indicating greater use of behavioral change processes related to smoking cessation.

  3. Change in Self-Efficacy/Temptation for Smoking Cessation

    Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)

    Self-efficacy related to smoking cessation will be assessed using the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale. The scale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 8 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy and greater confidence in the ability to refrain from smoking in situations that may trigger the urge to smoke.

  4. Change in Decisional Balance

    Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)

    Decisional balance related to smoking cessation will be assessed using the Decisional Balance Scale. The scale consists of 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 12 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater perceived importance of the benefits and barriers of change and greater engagement in the decision-making process related to smoking cessation.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Sevim Meral Feratoğlu, MSc

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905346674614

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Meral Feratoğlu Research

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Changing Smoking Behavior Among Nursing Students

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Aug 11, 2026
Registry last updated
Aug 11, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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