The Effect of Virtual Reality Goggles on Pain, Anxiety and Sleep in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

For Patient Registries: Also describe the applicable registry procedures and other quality factors (for example, third party certification, on-site audit). In particular, summarize any procedures implemented as part of the patient registry, including, but not limited to the following:

Quality assurance plan that addresses data validation and registry procedures, including any plans for site monitoring and auditing.

Data checks to compare data entered into the registry against predefined rules for range or consistency with other data fields in the registry.

Source data verification to assess the accuracy, completeness, or representativeness of registry data by comparing the data to external data sources (for example, medical records, paper or electronic case report forms, or interactive voice response systems).

Data dictionary that contains detailed descriptions of each variable used by the registry, including the source of the variable, coding information if used (for example, World Health Organization Drug Dictionary, MedDRA), and normal ranges if relevant.

Standard Operating Procedures to address registry operations and analysis activities, such as patient recruitment, data collection, data management, data analysis, reporting for adverse events, and change management.

Sample size assessment to specify the number of participants or participant years necessary to demonstrate an effect.

Plan for missing data to address situations where variables are reported as missing, unavailable, non-reported, uninterpretable, or considered missing because of data inconsistency or out-of-range results.

Statistical analysis plan describing the analytical principles and statistical techniques to be employed in order to address the primary and

Inclusion criteria

• underwent elective primary total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis; (3) were able to communicate in Turkish; (4) were mobilized on the first postoperative day according to the hospital's standard postoperative care protocol; (5) reported a postoperative pain score of ≥4 on the Numeric Rating Scale; and (6) provided written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

Patients were excluded if they experienced postoperative complications (e.g., severe bleeding, persistent nausea, or vomiting), had cognitive or sensory impairment, psychiatric disorders, communication difficulties, a history of vertigo, uncontrolled hypertension, or were receiving sedative or anxiolytic medications. Participants who did not meet the eligibility criteria were excluded from the study.

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