Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.
Inclusion criteria
- Chinese patients aged 18-80 years.
Lesions meeting ESD indications for esophageal, gastric, or colorectal early cancer or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, as defined by:
Non-invasive tumors regardless of size; or
Differentiated-type intramucosal carcinoma without ulceration, regardless of size; or
Differentiated-type intramucosal carcinoma with ulceration and a diameter ≤3 cm; or
Undifferentiated-type intramucosal carcinoma without ulceration and a diameter ≤2 cm.
Planned to undergo ESD treatment.
No prior treatment for the lesion (including ESD, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc.).
Platelet count >100 × 10⁹/L and PT-INR <1.5, with antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel, etc.) discontinued for at least 5 days.
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade I or II.
Voluntarily signed informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
- Patients currently undergoing dialysis.
Patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease or other severe comorbidities that may increase the risk of the ESD procedure.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women.