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NCT Number: NCT07708610

Preadmission GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Plus SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Early Outcomes After Pneumonia Hospitalization in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

This retrospective observational target-trial emulation uses electronic health record data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network to compare preadmission glucose-lowering treatment strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia. Time zero is the date of the index pneumonia admission. The study compares patients with evidence of prescriptions for both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and an SGLT2 inhibitor in the year before admission with patients prescribed a GLP-1 receptor agonist alone, an SGLT2 inhibitor alone, or usual care. Usual care includes metformin, sulfonylureas, or DPP-4 inhibitors without either study class. The primary outcome is a composite of all-cause death, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy within 30 days of admission, with the individual components and 12-month mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and major adverse kidney events also evaluated. Propensity-score methods are used to reduce bias from nonrandom treatment selection.

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Key information

Conditions

Pneumonia Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Endocrine System Diseases Glucose Metabolism Disorders Infections Lung Diseases Metabolic Diseases Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases Respiratory Tract Infections Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged 18 years or older.
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Hospitalization with pneumonia during the study period, serving as the index admission
  • Prescription of a GLP-1 receptor agonist, an SGLT2 inhibitor, or usual-care glucose-lowering therapy in the year before the index admission
  • No GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor prescription in the 6 months before the first qualifying prescription

Exclusion criteria

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus, or other specified diabetes types that are not type 2 diabetes
  • Human immunodeficiency virus infection
  • Bariatric surgery
  • Solid-organ transplantation
  • Pneumonia hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy in the year before the index admission
  • End-stage kidney disease, dialysis dependence, ventilator dependence, or tracheostomy status
  • Metastatic malignancy, lung cancer, or palliative care
  • Viral pneumonia, influenza with pneumonia, or COVID-19 around the index admission
  • Acute cardiovascular event in the 6 months before the index admission

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

  1. Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy)

    Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission

Secondary outcomes

  1. All-cause mortality

    Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission

  2. Invasive mechanical ventilation

    Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission

  3. Renal replacement therapy

    Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission

  4. Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, or major adverse kidney events)

    Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission

  5. All-cause mortality

    Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission

  6. Major adverse cardiovascular events

    Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission

  7. Major adverse kidney events

    Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Pen-Hua Su, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

886-4-24739595 ext. 21707

Yu-Nan Huang, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

886-4-24739595 ext. 21707

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Chung Shan Medical University

Other

Collaborators

  • National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan

Registry information

Official study title

Preadmission GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Plus SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Early Outcomes After Pneumonia Hospitalization in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jul 16, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 16, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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