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10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Comfortable Walking Speed
Time frame: Baseline 1
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at comfortable walking speed (CWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
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10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Comfortable Walking Speed
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at comfortable walking speed (CWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
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10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Comfortable Walking Speed
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at comfortable walking speed (CWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
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10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Comfortable Walking Speed
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at comfortable walking speed (CWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
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10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Fast Walking Speed
Time frame: Baseline 1
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at fast walking speed (FWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
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10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Fast Walking Speed
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at fast walking speed (FWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
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10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Fast Walking Speed
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at fast walking speed (FWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
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10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Fast Walking Speed
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at fast walking speed (FWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
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Five Times Sit-to-Stand
Time frame: Baseline 1
This test provides a method to quantify the time it takes for a person to stand up and sit down five times without using their hands.
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Five Times Sit-to-Stand
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
This test provides a method to quantify the time it takes for a person to stand up and sit down five times without using their hands.
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Five Times Sit-to-Stand
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
This test provides a method to quantify the time it takes for a person to stand up and sit down five times without using their hands.
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Five Times Sit-to-Stand
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
This test provides a method to quantify the time it takes for a person to stand up and sit down five times without using their hands.
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Generic Walking Scale (Walk-12G)
Time frame: Baseline 1
This test is a self-report questionnaire that measures everyday walking difficulties. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walking difficulties.
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Generic Walking Scale (Walk-12G)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
This test is a self-report questionnaire that measures everyday walking difficulties. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walking difficulties.
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Generic Walking Scale (Walk-12G)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
This test is a self-report questionnaire that measures everyday walking difficulties. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walking difficulties.
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Generic Walking Scale (Walk-12G)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
This test is a self-report questionnaire that measures everyday walking difficulties. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walking difficulties.
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Global Rating of Change (GROC) Scale
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
This self-reported rating scale measures overall perceived improvement in areas related to amount of walking, intensity of walking, and walking capacity. Scores range from -7 to +7, with higher scores indicating greater improvement.
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Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
Time frame: Baseline 1
This test is a clinical balance assessment tool designed to examine various elements of balance control. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better balance.
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Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
This test is a clinical balance assessment tool designed to examine various elements of balance control. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better balance.
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Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
This test is a clinical balance assessment tool designed to examine various elements of balance control. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better balance.
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Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
This test is a clinical balance assessment tool designed to examine various elements of balance control. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better balance.
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Prefrontal Cortex Activity
Time frame: Baseline 1
Prefrontal cortex activity (based on oxygenated hemoglobin) will be measured using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during walking. This will be collected only for the cohort at Boston University.
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Prefrontal Cortex Activity
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Prefrontal cortex activity (based on oxygenated hemoglobin) will be measured using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during walking. This will be collected only for the cohort at Boston University.
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Prefrontal Cortex Activity
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Prefrontal cortex activity (based on oxygenated hemoglobin) will be measured using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during walking. This will be collected only for the cohort at Boston University.
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Dual-Task Cost on Gait Speed
Time frame: Baseline 1
Dual-task cost is the difference between single-task walking and dual-task walking divided by single-task walking, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Dual-Task Cost on Gait Speed
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Dual-task cost is the difference between single-task walking and dual-task walking divided by single-task walking, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Dual-Task Cost on Gait Speed
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Dual-task cost is the difference between single-task walking and dual-task walking divided by single-task walking, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Dual-Task Cost on Gait Speed
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Dual-task cost is the difference between single-task walking and dual-task walking divided by single-task walking, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section I)
Time frame: Baseline 1
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part I is an examination of non-motor experiences of daily living. Part IA is conducted by the rater, and Part IB is completed independently of the rater. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section I)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part I is an examination of non-motor experiences of daily living. Part IA is conducted by the rater, and Part IB is completed independently of the rater. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section I)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part I is an examination of non-motor experiences of daily living. Part IA is conducted by the rater, and Part IB is completed independently of the rater. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section I)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part I is an examination of non-motor experiences of daily living. Part IA is conducted by the rater, and Part IB is completed independently of the rater. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section II)
Time frame: Baseline 1
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part II is a self-administered questionnaire to examine motor experiences of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section II)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part II is a self-administered questionnaire to examine motor experiences of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section II)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part II is a self-administered questionnaire to examine motor experiences of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section II)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part II is a self-administered questionnaire to examine motor experiences of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Subsection (MDS-UPDRS Section III)
Time frame: Baseline 1
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part III is a motor examination conducted by the rater. Scores range from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Subsection (MDS-UPDRS Section III)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part III is a motor examination conducted by the rater. Scores range from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Subsection (MDS-UPDRS Section III)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part III is a motor examination conducted by the rater. Scores range from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Subsection (MDS-UPDRS Section III)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part III is a motor examination conducted by the rater. Scores range from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
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Variability of Stride Time During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Baseline 1
Stride time variability will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Variability of Stride Time During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Stride time variability will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Variability of Stride Time During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Stride time variability will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Variability of Stride Time During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Stride time variability will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Speed During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Baseline 1
Speed (m/s) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
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Speed During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Speed (m/s) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
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Speed During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Speed (m/s) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
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Speed During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Speed (m/s) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
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Stride Length During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Baseline 1
Stride length (m) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
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Stride Length During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Stride length (m) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
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Stride Length During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Stride length (m) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
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Stride Length During Walking with Digital Music Device
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Stride length (m) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
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Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
Time frame: Baseline 1
The PDQ-39 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses quality of life across 8 different dimensions. Items are scored based on a 5-point ordinal system with lower scores reflecting better quality of life (min = 0, max = 100).
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Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
The PDQ-39 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses quality of life across 8 different dimensions. Items are scored based on a 5-point ordinal system with lower scores reflecting better quality of life (min = 0, max = 100).
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Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
The PDQ-39 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses quality of life across 8 different dimensions. Items are scored based on a 5-point ordinal system with lower scores reflecting better quality of life (min = 0, max = 100).
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Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
The PDQ-39 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses quality of life across 8 different dimensions. Items are scored based on a 5-point ordinal system with lower scores reflecting better quality of life (min = 0, max = 100).
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Self-Efficacy of Walking - Duration (SEW-D)
Time frame: Baseline 1
The SEW-D is a self-report that will be administered to determine participants' beliefs of their physical capabilities to successfully complete incremental 5-minute intervals (5 to 40 minutes) of walking at a moderately fast pace, with responses made on 11-point Likert scale (0% = not at all confident; 100% = highly confident), with higher scores indicating higher confidence.
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Self-Efficacy of Walking - Duration (SEW-D)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
The SEW-D is a self-report that will be administered to determine participants' beliefs of their physical capabilities to successfully complete incremental 5-minute intervals (5 to 40 minutes) of walking at a moderately fast pace, with responses made on 11-point Likert scale (0% = not at all confident; 100% = highly confident), with higher scores indicating higher confidence.
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Self-Efficacy of Walking - Duration (SEW-D)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
The SEW-D is a self-report that will be administered to determine participants' beliefs of their physical capabilities to successfully complete incremental 5-minute intervals (5 to 40 minutes) of walking at a moderately fast pace, with responses made on 11-point Likert scale (0% = not at all confident; 100% = highly confident), with higher scores indicating higher confidence.
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Self-Efficacy of Walking - Duration (SEW-D)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
The SEW-D is a self-report that will be administered to determine participants' beliefs of their physical capabilities to successfully complete incremental 5-minute intervals (5 to 40 minutes) of walking at a moderately fast pace, with responses made on 11-point Likert scale (0% = not at all confident; 100% = highly confident), with higher scores indicating higher confidence.
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Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC)
Time frame: Baseline 1
This test is a questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence (in percentage) that he/she will not lose balance or become unsteady while performing physical activities. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater confidence.
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Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
This test is a questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence (in percentage) that he/she will not lose balance or become unsteady while performing physical activities. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater confidence.
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Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
This test is a questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence (in percentage) that he/she will not lose balance or become unsteady while performing physical activities. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater confidence.
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Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
This test is a questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence (in percentage) that he/she will not lose balance or become unsteady while performing physical activities. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater confidence.
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Trail-Making Test (TMT)
Time frame: Baseline 1
This test measures the time it takes (seconds) to complete two visual-motor tasks. Higher scores indicate slower processing speed and greater cognitive impairment.
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Trail-Making Test (TMT)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
This test measures the time it takes (seconds) to complete two visual-motor tasks. Higher scores indicate slower processing speed and greater cognitive impairment.
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Trail-Making Test (TMT)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
This test measures the time it takes (seconds) to complete two visual-motor tasks. Higher scores indicate slower processing speed and greater cognitive impairment.
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Trail-Making Test (TMT)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
This test measures the time it takes (seconds) to complete two visual-motor tasks. Higher scores indicate slower processing speed and greater cognitive impairment.
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Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time frame: Baseline 1
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to examine cognitive impairment. The score ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating less cognitive impairment.
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Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to examine cognitive impairment. The score ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating less cognitive impairment.
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Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to examine cognitive impairment. The score ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating less cognitive impairment.
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Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to examine cognitive impairment. The score ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating less cognitive impairment.
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Variability of Stride Time During MMQ Walking Program with Digital Music Device
Time frame: During training (about 3 months)
Stride time variability will be measured during the MMQ walking program with the digital music device. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using integrated sensors from the music device. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
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Speed During MMQ Walking Program with Digital Music Device
Time frame: During training (about 3 months)
Speed (m/s) will be measured during the MMQ walking program with the digital music device. Speed will be measured using integrated sensors from the music device.
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Stride Length During MMQ Walking Program with Digital Music Device
Time frame: During training (about 3 months)
Stride length (m) will be measured during the MMQ walking program with the digital music device. Stride length will be measured using integrated sensors from the music device.