Effect of a Brief Daily Digital Meditation on Well-Being in US Young Adults (BEGIN II)

To assess whether a 7-minute digital meditation practiced daily for 4 weeks improves mental well-being, as measured by the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The WHO-5 total raw score ranges from 0 to 25 where higher scores indicate better mental well-being.

To assess whether the 7-minute digital meditation practiced daily for 4 weeks improves mindfulness, as measured by the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The MAAS mean score ranges from 1 to 6; higher scores indicate greater dispositional mindfulness and attention to present-moment experiences.

To assess whether the 7-minute digital meditation practiced daily for 4 weeks improves overall health, as measured by the Whole Person Health Index (WPHI). The WPHI is a 9-item self-reported measure where total scores range from 9 to 45. Higher scores indicate better overall self-reported whole-person health.

To assess whether the 7-minute digital meditation practiced daily for 4 weeks reduces psychological distress, as measured by the Schwartz Outcome Scale-10 (SOS-10). The SOS-10 total score ranges from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate better psychological well-being and functioning, and lower levels of psychological distress.

To assess whether the 7-minute digital meditation practiced daily for 4 weeks reduces anxiety, as measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety Short Form 8a. The PROMIS Anxiety Short Form 8a includes 8 items, each scored from 1 to 5. The summed raw score ranges from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety symptoms and a worse outcome.

To assess whether the 7-minute digital meditation practiced daily for 4 weeks improves emotional well-being, as measured by the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE). The SPANE is a 12-item self-reported measure consisting of two 6-item subscales: Positive Experience (SPANE-P) and Negative Experience (SPANE-N).

The SPANE-P score ranges from 6 to 30, with higher scores indicating more frequent positive emotions. The SPANE-N score ranges from 6 to 30, with higher scores indicating more frequent negative emotions and a worse outcome.

The SPANE Balance score (SPANE-B) is calculated as SPANE-P minus SPANE-N and ranges from -24 to 24. Higher scores indicate a more favorable balance of positive relative to negative emotional experiences and a better outcome.

To assess differences between study groups in trajectories of heart rate during the 4-week study period, using heart rate data collected from participants' compatible wearable devices. Heart rate will be expressed in beats per minute (bpm).

To assess differences between study groups in trajectories of heart rate variability during the 4-week study period, using heart rate variability data collected from participants' compatible wearable devices. Heart rate variability will be reported using the pre-specified device-derived metric and units, such as milliseconds (ms). Higher values generally indicate greater beat-to-beat variability.

To assess differences between study groups in trajectories of breathing rate during the 4-week study period, using respiratory-rate data collected from participants' compatible wearable devices. Breathing rate will be expressed in breaths per minute. Higher values indicate a higher breathing rate

To assess differences between study groups in daily physical activity during the 4-week study period, using daily step-count data collected from participants' compatible wearable devices. Step count will be reported as the total number of steps per day. Values range from 0 upward, with higher values indicating more ambulatory physical activity.

To assess differences between study groups in sleep time, efficiency and average deep sleep duration during the 4-week study period, using sleep data collected from participants' compatible wearable devices.