Investigation of the Effectiveness of Progressive Resistance Exercise Training in the Management of Lymphedema.

The study is designed as a randomized controlled trial. Fifty women who developed unilateral upper-limb lymphoedema following breast cancer treatment were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to an exercise group or a control group.

Both groups received classic lymphoedema physiotherapy twice weekly for 12 weeks (24 sessions), comprising manual lymphatic drainage (30 minutes), multilayer short-stretch compression bandaging applied at the end of each session, simple lymphatic exercises (15 minutes), and structured skin-care education. Standard compression bandaging was used in both groups throughout the study period.

In addition, participants in the exercise group performed a home-based progressive resistance exercise programme for the upper limb twice weekly on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks. Each session lasted 40 to 45 minutes and comprised a 10-minute warm-up, a 20- to 25-minute resistance component and a 10-minute cool-down. The resistance component consisted of eight exercises performed bilaterally using Thera-Band elastic resistance: shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder external rotation, elbow flexion, elbow extension, wrist flexion, wrist extension, and scapular retraction and protraction, in three sets of ten repetitions each. Exercise intensity was prescribed by band colour and monitored using the Borg CR10 scale (target 4 to 6), and resistance was progressed by one band colour every four weeks. All sessions were performed while wearing the compression bandaging already in place as part of standard care.

Adherence was monitored using a structured exercise log and telephone contact every 15 days. All participants were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks by an outcome assessor blinded to group allocation.

Inclusion criteria

• Female, aged 30 to 60 years
• Unilateral upper-limb lymphoedema following treatment for breast cancer (surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy), diagnosed clinically by a physician
• Excess limb volume of at least 10% relative to the unaffected limb, calculated from bilateral circumferential measurements using the truncated cone formula
• At least 3 months post-surgery
• Able to tolerate compression bandaging or a compression garment

Exclusion criteria

• Within the first 3 months after surgery
• Requiring reinitiation of active cancer treatment during the study period