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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07448012

Brief Structured Team Reflection Embedded in Elite Underwater Rugby Training (BSTR-UWR)

This single-arm field evaluation examined whether a brief, structured team reflection routine embedded within usual elite underwater rugby training was associated with change in team cohesion, psychological safety, peer trust, and team identification across three measurement occasions. Twenty-five male athletes contributed at least one assessment. Baseline responses were recorded on 16-17 February 2026 (T0), midpoint responses after session 6 on 5-9 March 2026 (T1), and endpoint responses after session 12 on 18 March 2026 (T2). The registered plan anticipated 16 sessions over six weeks; operational delivery concluded after 12 sessions, and no later follow-up was conducted.

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Key information

Conditions

Sports Cohesion, Social Psychosocial

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Tecnológico de Antioquia

Guarne, Antioquia, 054080, Colombia

About this study

The intervention consisted of brief, structured team-reflection conversations embedded within the squad's usual training environment. The routine used concise prompts, turn-taking, and a 'share-only' rule that prohibited interruption, rebuttal, blame, selection discussion, and cross-talk.. Sessions were intended to close with an observable cue, rule, norm, or micro-habit for subsequent training.

The registered plan anticipated 16 sessions over six weeks. Operational delivery concluded after 12 sessions. Assessments were completed at T0 (16-17 February 2026), T1 after session 6 (5-9 March 2026), and T2 after session 12 (18 March 2026). No later follow-up was conducted.

The retained study file contains outcome responses but no complete nominal record of attendance, actual session duration, facilitator fidelity, protocol deviations, training availability, injury, or illness. Accordingly, no attendance percentage, fidelity percentage, dose-response analysis, or injury/availability result is claimed. Objective sport-performance outcomes were not collected.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Male elite underwater rugby athletes aged 18 years or older.
  • Officially rostered in the squad and training regularly (minimum 2 sessions per week).
  • Able to complete Spanish-language questionnaires.
  • Willing to participate and provide written informed consent.
  • Available to complete assessments at baseline (T0), week 3 (T1), and week 6 (T2).

Exclusion criteria

  • Unable to complete the questionnaires reliably (e.g., language/comprehension barriers).
  • Anticipated prolonged absence during the 6-week period that would prevent meaningful exposure to the intervention and/or completion of follow-up assessments.
  • Declines participation or does not provide informed consent.

Treatment and study plan

Brief Structured Team Reflection (BSTR)

Behavioral

Twelve brief, structured team-reflection sessions were embedded within usual elite underwater rugby training. Athletes responded to concise prompts in turn under a 'share-only' rule that prohibited interruption, rebuttal, blame, selection discussion, and cross-talk. Sessions normally closed with an observable cue, rule, norm, or micro-habit for the next training experience. The registered plan anticipated 16 sessions; operational delivery concluded after session 12.

Primary outcomes

  1. Team Cohesion (GEQ-12 short form)

    Time frame: Baseline 16-17 February 2026 (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes); T1: 5-9 March 2026 (after session 6; T1; up to 5 minutes) and T2: 18 March 2026 (after session 12; post-intervention; up to 5 minutes)

    Team cohesion measured using the Spanish 12-item short form of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Items are rated on a 1-9 scale; negatively keyed items are reverse-scored. A composite cohesion score is computed as the mean of items, with higher scores indicating greater perceived cohesion.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Psychological Safety (Edmondson 7-item Team Psychological Safety scale)

    Time frame: Baseline 16-17 February 2026 (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes); T1: 5-9 March 2026 (after session 6; T1; up to 5 minutes) and T2: 18 March 2026 (after session 12; post-intervention; up to 5 minutes)

    Psychological safety assessed with the 7-item Team Psychological Safety scale. Items are answered on a 1-7 Likert-type response format; negatively keyed items are reverse-scored. A composite psychological safety score is computed as the mean of the 7 items, with higher scores indicating greater perceived psychological safety within the team.

  2. Peer Trust (HERO horizontal trust, 4-item team-referent measure)

    Time frame: Baseline 16-17 February 2026 (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes); T1: 5-9 March 2026 (after session 6; T1; up to 5 minutes) and T2: 18 March 2026 (after session 12; post-intervention; up to 5 minutes)

    Peer trust within the squad assessed using a 4-item team-referent horizontal trust measure drawn from the HERO organisational trust framework. Items are answered on a 0-6 response scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). A composite peer trust score is computed as the mean of the 4 items, with higher values indicating greater perceived horizontal (peer) trust among teammates.

  3. Team Identification (6-item team-referent identification scale)

    Time frame: Baseline 16-17 February 2026 (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes); T1: 5-9 March 2026 (after session 6; T1; up to 5 minutes) and T2: 18 March 2026 (after session 12; post-intervention; up to 5 minutes)

    Team identification assessed using a 6-item team-referent identification measure adapted from Mael & Ashforth. Items are answered on a 1-7 Likert-type response format. A composite identification score is computed as the mean of the 6 items, with higher scores indicating stronger identification with the team.

Interested in participating?

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Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Brief Structured Team Reflection Embedded in Elite Underwater Rugby Training: A Three-Wave Field Evaluation of Cohesion, Psychological Safety, Peer Trust, and Team Identification

Acronym: BSTR-UWR

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Mar 4, 2026
Registry last updated
Sep 8, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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