The Effect of Ergonomics and Exercise Training on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Female Dairy Farmers

The study will assign female farmers actively engaged in milking to two groups using a simple randomization method: a control group (ergonomics training) and an experimental group (ergonomics and exercise training). The control group will receive standard ergonomics training aimed at reducing ergonomic risk factors encountered during milking. The experimental group will receive the same ergonomics training as the control group, plus a structured exercise program consisting of stretching, strengthening, and posture exercises. The exercise program will be planned based on progressive loading principles, muscle group-specific exercise selection, set-repetition arrangement, and standardization of rest intervals. The intervention period is 12 weeks, with exercises performed 3 days a week. All participants will be evaluated before and after the intervention using the Visual Analog Scale, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Short Form, all within the same assessment protocol.

Inclusion criteria

• Female sex
• Age 25-60 years
• Actively engaged in dairy milking for at least 5 years
• Sufficient physical capacity to participate in the education and exercise programme
• Provision of written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Any diagnosed concomitant musculoskeletal or rheumatological disease affecting any body region, including diagnosed wrist/hand conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome or tendinopathy
• Any concomitant neurological disease or neurological dysfunction
• History of surgery involving the musculoskeletal system
• Any serious systemic disease that would preclude participation