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NCT Number: NCT07437599

Effect of Coffee Smelling on Pain, Physiological Parameters and Time to Discharge From Post Anesthesia Care Unit in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

This research was designed as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of coffee sniffing on pain and physiological parameters in patients undergoing cholecystectomy surgery.

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This study is active but is not currently recruiting participants.

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Key information

Conditions

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Istanbul University Cerrahpasa

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Study Variables: The independent variables of the study are the participant's age, gender, height, weight, smoking, and alcohol use; the dependent variables are the length of stay in the Post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after anesthesia, the Modified Aldrete score, the pain score (numeric rating scale), and physiological values.

Study Location and Time: This study is planned to be conducted at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Hospital PACU, between February 2026 and August 2026.

Study Population: The study population will consist of patients who underwent cholecystectomy surgery and received general anesthesia with the same anesthesia protocol at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Hospital PACU.

Data Collection Tools: A Patient Demographic Information Form, created by the researcher in accordance with the literature, will be used for data collection. The Modified Aldrete Score and the Visual Analog Scale, both valid and reliable, will be used.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being 18 years of age or older,
  • Having no prior history of surgery,
  • Having undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery,
  • Being physically and mentally able to communicate,
  • Having received the same anesthesia protocol,
  • Having no known allergy or sensitivity to the smell of coffee,
  • Being willing and cooperative to smell coffee for the specified duration in the experimental group,
  • Providing written consent after being informed about the study,
  • Having an ASA I or II rating.

Exclusion criteria

  • The following are contraindications for a patient's sense of smell:
  • No complications developing during surgery,
  • No indication for postoperative intensive care,
  • Special circumstances (pregnancy, etc.),
  • Being under active treatment for depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric disorders,
  • Having anatomical abnormalities that may cause a problem with the sense of smell.

Treatment and study plan

Coffee Smell

Behavioral

The patient inhales the scent of coffee for 3-5 minutes using a cotton pad.

Placebo

Behavioral

The patient inhales an empty cotton bag for 3-5 minutes.

Primary outcomes

  1. Modified Aldrete Score

    Time frame: This is the period from post-operative time until discharge from the PACU unit. (min. 20/min- max 60/min).

    The Modified Aldrete Score is a clinical scoring system used to assess a patient's recovery and readiness for discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) based on activity, respiration, circulation, consciousness, and oxygen saturation. Ensures objective and standardized assessment of postoperative recovery Reduces risk of premature discharge from PACU Enhances patient safety by identifying respiratory, cardiovascular, or neurological instability Provides measurable criteria for clinical decision-making Commonly, a score of ≥ 9 indicates readiness for PACU discharge.

  2. NRS (numeric rating scale)

    Time frame: This is the period from post-operative time until discharge from the PACU unit. (min. 20/min- max 60/min).

    The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is a simple, closed-ended survey tool that asks respondents to assign a number to measure feelings, preferences, or symptoms. It is widely used across healthcare, market research, and customer service to translate subjective experiences into quantifiable, easy-to-analyze data. 0-10 Scale (Pain Management): The most common format. In clinical settings, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) asks patients to rate pain from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst possible pain").

Interested in participating?

Active, not recruiting

This study is active but is not currently recruiting participants.

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Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Feb 27, 2026
Registry last updated
Jun 22, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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