Follow-up of Adolescents With Autism and Psychotic Symptoms - Psychiatric Co-morbidity and Functional Impairment.

Design:

Cohort study.

Participants:

Participants will be recruited from a previous study cohort established in Region Varmland in 2013, comprising 48 adolescents diagnosed with autism. Psychotic symptoms were identified through self-report in 22 participants. These individuals will be re recruited, along with controls from the same cohort with autism but no psychotic symptoms.

In the original study, participants were 15-18 years old at the time of screening, had a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (including Asperger's syndrome), and an IQ ≥ 70.

An additional 5 individuals were recruited in a second round of recruitment in 2019. Three of these individuals reported psychotic symptoms.

Instruments:

Youth Psychosis at Risk Questionnaire - Brief Version (YPARQ B). A shortened version of the Youth Psychosis at Risk Questionnaire developed to capture early psychotic symptoms.

Prodromal Questionnaire - Brief Version (PQ B): Self report scale assessing psychotic symptoms, including associated distress.

Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale - Self Report (MADRS S): Swedish self report scale for depressive symptoms.

Self evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS): Instrument for assessing negative symptoms in psychotic disorders; Swedish translation available.

Brief psychiatric rating scale: Structured clinical interview assessing positive and negative psychotic symptoms.

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM 5, Clinician Version (SCID 5 CV): Semi structured diagnostic interview.

Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): Structured diagnostic interview.

Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI S): Clinician rated scale for assessing severity of psychiatric illness.

Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP): Clinician rated measure of global functioning in psychotic disorders.

Procedure:

Approximately ten years after the initial study recruitment, participants will complete PQ B, YPARQ B, SNS, and MADRS-S. Current psychotic symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity will be assessed in clinical evaluation, including BPRS, the psychosis module of SCID 5 CV, and MINI.

Socioeconomic status will be assessed. Functional level will be rated using CGI-S and PSP.

With participant consent, information regarding psychiatric diagnoses and current pharmacological treatment will be requested from healthcare region.

Analysis:

Group comparisons will be conducted using non parametric methods. A roughly 1:1 ratio between case and control groups is expected.

Inclusion criteria

• Age 15-18 at enrollment for the original study,
• Autism spectrum disorder.
• IQ>70.

Exclusion criteria

• Non.