Effectiveness of Glunovo Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

This is a prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial involving 165 adult patients with T2D recruited at the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group (RT-CGM with Glunovo) or the control group (standard Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose [SMBG] using conventional glucometers).

The primary outcome is the change in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels after 6 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes include Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics-such as Glucose Management Indicator (GMI), Time in Range (TIR), Time Above Range (TAR), and Time Below Range (TBR)-as well as patient well-being, assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index and a satisfaction scale.

The study is designed to assess whether the Glunovo RT-CGM system can support better metabolic control and improve patient experience compared to conventional SMBG methods.

Inclusion criteria

Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Age above 18 years Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7.5% and 11% On basal-bolus insulin, basal-oral combination therapy, or non-insulin antidiabetic therapy

Exclusion criteria

Pregnancy HbA1c > 11% or < 7.5% Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes, Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA), Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), or other forms of hyperglycemia