Clinical Decision Support for Safety of Opioid Transitions

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a clinical decision support (CDS) alert designed to notify providers when an opioid prescription will result in a patient transitioning into a new phase of opioid therapy. The 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain recommends that providers reassess patient pain, treatment goals, and the risks and benefits of opioid therapy before patients transition from acute to subacute treatment (1 month of opioid analgesics) and from subacute to chronic opioid treatment (3 months). This study will evaluate a CDS tool that identifies patients who will be transitioning between phases of opioid therapy as a result of a prescribed opioid medication and prompts providers to review patient needs and goals of care. A pre-post study design will be used to compare provider prescribing practices and patient outcomes before and after implementation of the CDS alert. During the pre-implementation period, providers will continue routine care and will have access to existing patient pain assessments and clinical information, but no transition alert will be displayed. During the post-implementation period, providers will receive a notification when an opioid prescription results in a transition to a new phase of therapy and will be encouraged to review patient needs, reassess pain and treatment goals, and document their clinical decision-making. Opioid transition orders, provider documentation, and patient outcomes will be evaluated using medical record data collected during routine clinical care and compared between the pre-implementation and post-implementation periods.