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NCT Number: NCT06493188

Low VS High-fidelity Interprofessional Simulation for ABG Skills Acquisition

This randomized clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness of an interprofessional simulation intervention for medical and nursing students.

The primary aim is to compare the effectiveness of high-fidelity versus low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in improving knowledge and skills related to the ABG test. The hypothesis is that participants in the high-fidelity interprofessional simulation group will develop better knowledge and skills for ABG testing compared to those in the low-fidelity group.

The secondary aims are to evaluate the effectiveness of high-fidelity interprofessional simulation compared to low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in (i) enhancing self-efficacy and self-confidence in learning, and (ii) improving interprofessional education and satisfaction with the simulation experience. It is hypothesized that participants in the high-fidelity interprofessional simulation group will report higher levels of self-efficacy, self-confidence, interprofessional education, and satisfaction with the learning experience post-intervention compared to those in the low-fidelity interprofessional simulation group.

The key questions it seeks to address are:

1. Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation help in developing better technical skills for ABG testing? 2. Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation lead to greater self-efficacy and self-confidence? 3. Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation lead to greater satisfaction with the experience, readiness for interprofessional simulation, and better perceptions of interprofessional education?

The researchers will compare high-fidelity interprofessional simulation (immersive medical training room with an actor) to low-fidelity interprofessional simulation (a structured clinical case analysis) to assess whether high-fidelity simulation effectively enhances knowledge and skills on arterial blood gas tests, as well as interprofessional collaboration and attitudes.

Participants will:

* Attend brief interactive lessons on the principles, technique, and interpretation of arterial blood gas tests. * Participate in a series of clinical-based interprofessional simulation scenarios delivered in low- or high-fidelity.

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Key information

Conditions

Interprofessional Relations Behavior Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Self Efficacy

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Torino - Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences

Orbassano, Torino, 10043, Italy

About this study

After randomization, participants will be assigned sequentially into ten groups to form five high-fidelity interprofessional simulation groups and five low-fidelity interprofessional simulation groups. Each group will consist of six students, including three medical students and three nursing students.

Students will be asked to review and sign the informed consent form to confirm their participation in the study.

Participants will be asked to complete the baseline assessment by completing a questionnaire set. They will be subjected to a brief educational video covering the definition and purpose of the ABG test, the diagnostic and clinical rationale for conducting it, and the technique, including patient assessment, required equipment, factors to consider before performing the procedure, questions to ask the patient, identification of the puncture site, sampling steps, and proper disposal of materials. Additionally, a brief interpretation of ABG test results will be provided, focusing on pH values, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate levels to identify the four main diagnoses: respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic alkalosis.

At the end of the video presentation, participants will be informed about which group they have been assigned to.

During the simulation activities, two independent observers will assess the performance of participants.

At the end of the simulation activities, all students from both groups will be taken separately to designated plenary rooms, where a member of the research team will conduct a debriefing session.

At the conclusion of the debriefing session, each participant will be asked to complete a set of questionnaires.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Early-career students (First-year Nursing Bachelor's Degree; second-year Medicine & Surgery Degree)
  • Regularly enrolled in their courses (attended at least 70% of classes)
  • Proficient in English (reading and speaking)
  • Aged 18 years or older

Exclusion criteria

  • Students who have previously taken classes on arterial blood gas sampling
  • Those who have prior work experience as healthcare professionals (e.g., laboratory technicians, phlebotomists)
  • Students who have previously experience in interprofessional learning activities
  • Students who have previously experience in the simulation center

Treatment and study plan

High-fidelity interprofessional simulation

Other

Students will participate in realistic (high-fidelity) interprofessional simulation scenarios to practice and interpret ABG procedures.

Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation

Other

Students will take part in low-fidelity interprofessional simulation scenarios. Cases will be discussed, and reflection on ABG execution and interpretation will be guided using paper descriptions and clinical files.

Primary outcomes

  1. Evaluation of Knowledge and Practices during the simulation

    Time frame: 10 minutes - During the simulation scenarios

    Purposefully Developed 6-item Checklist

Secondary outcomes

  1. General Self Efficacy Scale - GSE

    Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention

    A 10-item questionnaire assessing the level of self-efficacy

  2. Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning - SCLS

    Time frame: Post-intervention

    A 13-item questionnaire assessing the self-confidence acquired in learning

  3. Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale - IEPS

    Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention

    A 18-item questionnaire targeted at evaluating the perception of interprofessional education

  4. Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale - RIPLS

    Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention

    A 19-item questionnaire targeted at evaluating the readiness for interprofessional education

  5. Satisfaction with simulation experience - SSE

    Time frame: Post-intervention

    A 18-item questionnaire to assess the perceived satisfaction with simulation

Interested in participating?

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Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Turin, Italy

Other

Collaborators

  • Fondazione CRT, Torino

Registry information

Official study title

Effectiveness of Low-fidelity Versus High-fidelity Interprofessional Simulation on the Acquisition of Theoretical and Practical Knowledge of Arterial Blood Gas Testing: a Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jul 9, 2024
Registry last updated
Dec 8, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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