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Completed

NCT Number: NCT03985787

Resistance Training and Appetite Regulation

This study plans to learn more about how resistance training impacts appetite and the brain's response to food. The study will be evaluating how the brain responds to food images as well as how behaviors and hormones change with a 12 week resistance training intervention.

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Key information

Conditions

Obesity Body Weight Nutrition Disorders Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Overnutrition Overweight Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year–55 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus

Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States

About this study

Aim 1: To determine if RT impacts neuronal function associated with food intake behavior in a manner favoring reduced EI in overweight/obese adults.

Hypothesis: Compared to pre, post-RT fMRI measures will demonstrate ↓ neuronal responses to food cues in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus, brain regions implicated in reward, impulsivity, motivation, and regulation of ingestive behaviors. These changes will be associated with ad libitum EI.

Aim 2: To determine if RT impacts appetite-related peptides, ratings, and food intake behaviors in a manner favoring reduced EI in overweight/obese adults.

Hypothesis: Compared to pre, post-RT measures will show changes in appetite-related peptides, ratings (↓ hunger ↑ satiety), and behaviors (↓food-related cravings & impulsivity, ↑ self-efficacy) consistent with EI reduction. Changes in appetite regulation indices will be associated with changes in relevant brain networks (Aim 1). These changes will also be associated with ↓ ad libitum EI.

Exploratory Aim: To determine if RT impacts neuronal function and appetite-related peptides and behaviors in a manner favoring ↓ EI in Non-Compensators (top tertile of fat mass loss) as compared to Compensators (bottom tertile of fat mass loss).

Hypothesis: Compared to Compensators, Non-Compensators will show ↓ neuronal responses to food cues and default network, and changes in appetite-related peptides, ratings, and behaviors consistent with ↓ EI.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • all ethnic groups
  • both sexes
  • age: 18-55
  • BMI: 27-40 kg/m2
  • weight stable (±5% in last 6 months)
  • sedentary (<2 hours of planned physical activity/week by self-report, no RT in previous 12-months)

Exclusion criteria

  • history of CVD
  • DM
  • uncontrolled Hypertension
  • untreated thyroid disease
  • renal disease
  • hepatic disease
  • other condition affecting weight/metabolism
  • unable to exercise
  • smoker
  • medications affecting weight
  • EI or EE in past 6 months
  • weight loss/gain >5% in past 6 months
  • post-menopausal women (defined as age appropriate women with 6 months or more of amenorrhea)
  • currently pregnant, lactating, < 6 months post-partum
  • woman who have undergone oophorectomy
  • bariatric surgery
  • major psychiatric disorder
  • alcohol or substance abuse
  • depression by history and/or score >21 on CES-D
  • history of eating disorders and/or score >20 on EATS-26

Treatment and study plan

Resistance training

Behavioral

12-weeks of a full body resistance training intervention. Intervention will consist of 4 training sessions per week that are approximately 45-minutes in length. Two days will be upper body training and 2 days lower body

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Neuronal Responses to Food Cues in Regions of Interest

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus response to salient food cues (pre vs post-RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Whole Brain Response

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Whole brain changes in response to salient food cues (pre vs post RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT

  2. Change in Default Mode Network

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in the DMN resting state activity and large-scale network connectivity (pre vs post RT) as measured by MRI in response to 12-weeks of RT

  3. Changes in Appetite Ratings

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in measures of appetite (hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) area under the curve [AUC] following a standardized test-meal in response to 12-weeks of RT.

  4. Changes in Appetite-Related Hormones

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in appetite-related hormones [ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1] area under the curve [AUC] following a standardized test meal in response to 12-weeks of RT.

  5. Change in In Lab Ad Libitum Energy Intake (kcals)

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Change in In lab ad libitum buffet lunch (via weigh and measure methodology) three hours after breakfast test meal at baseline and post-intervention

  6. Change in Free-Living Ad libitum Energy Intake (kcals)

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Change in Three days of free-living ad libitum energy intake (via DHQ food frequency questionnaire) at baseline and post intervention.

Other outcomes

  1. Changes in Free-Living Physical Activity and Sedentary Time

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Physical Activity and Sedentary Time will be measured via activPAL (PALTechnologies: Glasgow, Scotland) activity monitor. Participants will be instructed to wear the monitor on their right leg for 7 consecutive days at all times except when sleeping or participating in water-based activities (e.g. showering, swimming). The time-stamped "event" data file from the activPAL software will be used to determine time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping per day.

  2. Changes in Muscular Strength

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Muscular Strength via 10 repetition maximum of chest and leg press on strength training machines, respectively.

  3. Change in Body Mass (kg)

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Via Digital scale

  4. Change in Body Composition

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Assessment of fat mass and lean mass via DXA scan

  5. Change in Neuronal Responses to Food Cues in Regions of Interest by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus response to salient food cues (pre vs post-RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  6. Change in Neuronal Responses to Food Cues in Regions of Interest by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus response to salient food cues (pre vs post-RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT.

  7. Change in Whole Brain Response by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Whole brain changes in response to salient food cues (pre vs post RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  8. Change in Whole Brain Response by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Whole brain changes in response to salient food cues (pre vs post RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT.

  9. Change in Default Mode Network by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in the DMN resting state activity and large-scale network connectivity (pre vs post RT) as measured by MRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  10. Change in Default Mode Network by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in the DMN resting state activity and large-scale network connectivity (pre vs post RT) as measured by MRI in response to 12-weeks of RT.

  11. Changes in Appetite Ratings by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in measures of appetite (hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) area under the curve [AUC] following a standardized test-meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  12. Changes in Appetite Ratings by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in measures of appetite (hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) area under the curve [AUC] following a standardized test-meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. "

  13. Changes in Appetite-Related Hormones by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in appetite-related hormones [ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1] area under the curve [AUC] following a standardized test meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  14. Changes in Appetite-Related Hormones by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Changes in appetite-related hormones [ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1] area under the curve [AUC] following a standardized test meal in response to 12-weeks of RT.

  15. Change in In Lab Ad Libitum Energy Intake (kcals) by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Change in In lab ad libitum buffet lunch (via weigh and measure methodology) three hours after breakfast test meal at baseline and post-intervention. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  16. Change in In Lab Ad Libitum Energy Intake (kcals) by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Change in In lab ad libitum buffet lunch (via weigh and measure methodology) three hours after breakfast test meal at baseline and post-intervention.

  17. Change in Free-Living Ad libitum Energy Intake (kcals) by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Change in Three days of free-living ad libitum energy intake (via DHQ food frequency questionnaire) at baseline and post intervention. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  18. Change in Free-Living Ad libitum Energy Intake (kcals) by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Change in Three days of free-living ad libitum energy intake (via DHQ food frequency questionnaire) at baseline and post intervention.

  19. Changes in Free-Living Physical Activity and Sedentary Time by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Physical Activity and Sedentary Time will be measured via activPAL (PALTechnologies: Glasgow, Scotland) activity monitor. Participants will be instructed to wear the monitor on their right leg for 7 consecutive days at all times except when sleeping or participating in water-based activities (e.g. showering, swimming). The time-stamped "event" data file from the activPAL software will be used to determine time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping per day. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  20. Changes in Free-Living Physical Activity and Sedentary Time by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Physical Activity and Sedentary Time will be measured via activPAL (PALTechnologies: Glasgow, Scotland) activity monitor. Participants will be instructed to wear the monitor on their right leg for 7 consecutive days at all times except when sleeping or participating in water-based activities (e.g. showering, swimming). The time-stamped "event" data file from the activPAL software will be used to determine time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping per day.

  21. Change in Muscular Strength by Non-Compensators vs Compensators

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Muscular Strength via 10 repetition maximum of chest and leg press on strength training machines, respectively. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  22. Change in Muscular Strength by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Muscular Strength via 10 repetition maximum of chest and leg press on strength training machines, respectively.

  23. Change in Body Mass by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Via Digital scale. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  24. Change in Body Mass by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Via Digital scale.

  25. Change in Body Composition by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Assessment of fat mass and lean mass via DXA scan. "Non-Compensators" (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. "Compensators" will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions.

  26. Change in Body Composition by Sex

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 Weeks

    Assessment of fat mass and lean mass via DXA scan.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Colorado, Denver

Other

Collaborators

  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Registry information

Official study title

The Effects of Resistance Training on Appetite Regulation

Important dates

Study start
2018
Primary completion
2021
Study completion
2021
First posted
Jun 14, 2019
Registry last updated
Sep 28, 2021

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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