Active Surveillance for Low-risk Prostate Cancer - Evaluation of the Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Active Surveillance

The study design is a cross-sectional study, using a paired design, evaluating our proposed protocol (Stockholm3+MRI+targeted biopsies) versus the standard protocol (PSA+systematic biopsies).

Men from the STHLM3 study, diagnosed with low risk prostate cancer and currently on AS will be invited to the study. Eligible individuals have to be alive without any severe comorbidity and without a history of initiating treatment; surgery, radiation, hormone therapy or chemotherapy. To avoid the need for additional biopsies, invitation will be synchronized with timing for planned follow-up within the AS program for each individual.

At baseline blood will be drawn for PSA and Stockholm3 analyses. The patient will be asked to fill out a study specific questionnaire with questions on anxiety and quality of life. Additionally, a bi-parametric MRI evaluated in line with PI-RADS v2 guidelines will be performed. For men with PIRADS ≥ 3 targeted and systematic biopsies will be performed. For men with PIRADS<3 only systematic biopsies will be performed.

Main outcome measurement will be number of detected significant cancers by each method. Further outcome measurements are the number of performed prostate biopsies with each method and level of anxiety and quality of life.

Inclusion criteria

• Men in the STHLM3 study, diagnosed with a low risk prostate cancer and on AS

Exclusion criteria

• History of treatment for prostate cancer; surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or hormonal treatment.
• Severe illnesses such as metastatic cancers, severe cardio-vascular disease or dementia
• Contraindications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) e.g. pacemaker, magnetic cerebral clips, cochlear implants or severe claustrophobia.