A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Alemtuzumab in Pediatric Patients With RRMS With Disease Activity on Prior DMT

The duration of study per participant was approximately 5 years and 5 months.

Inclusion criteria

• Participants with RRMS aged from 10 years to <18 years at study entry was eligible. Participants must meet the criteria of diagnosis of MS as defined by the International Pediatric MS Study Group (IPMSSG) criteria for pediatric MS and the criteria of MS based on 2010 McDonald criteria.
• Signed written informed consent/assent obtained from participant and participant's legal representative (parent or guardian) according to local regulations.
• Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 0.0 to 5.0 (inclusive) at screening.
• At least 2 recorded MS attacks and at least 1 MS attack (relapse) in the last year during treatment with a beta interferon therapy (IFNB) or glatiramer acetate (GA) after being on that therapy for at least 6 months, and was currently still taking the same therapy.
• At least 1 of the following:
• >=1 new or enlarging T2 hyperintense lesion or gadolinium enhancing lesion while on that same prior therapy (IFNB or GA), or
• Two or more relapses in the prior year, or
• Tried at least 2 MS DMTs.

Exclusion criteria

• Any progressive or non-relapsing forms of MS.
• Conditions/situations such as:
• Impossibility to meet specific protocol requirements.
• Current participation in another interventional clinical study. Participants who were treated with a comparator agent approved for screening inclusion (INF or GA) may be considered for this trial.
• Participant was the Investigator or any Sub-Investigator, research assistant, pharmacist, study coordinator, other staff or relative thereof directly involved in the conduct of the protocol.
• Uncooperative participant or any condition that could make the participant potentially non-compliant to the study procedures in the opinion of the Investigator.
• Mental condition rendering the participant or parent/guardian unable to understand the nature, scope, and possible consequences of the study.
• Clinically relevant cardiovascular, hepatic, neurological, endocrine, or other major systemic disease making implementation of the protocol or interpretation of the study results difficult or that would put the participant at risk by participating in the study in the opinion of the Investigator.
• History of drug or alcohol abuse.
• History of known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity.
• Pregnant or breast-feeding female participants or those who had planned to become pregnant during the study.
• Unwilling to agree to use a highly effective contraceptive method when receiving a course of alemtuzumab treatment and for 4 months following that course of treatment (fertile participants only).
• Female participants who have commenced menstruating (i.e., are of childbearing potential) and are unwilling or unable to be tested for pregnancy.
• Previous treatment with alemtuzumab.
• Treatment with natalizumab, daclizumab, fingolimod, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, or mycophenolate mofetil in the last 6 months prior to screening, or determined by the treating physician to had residual immune suppression from these or other MS treatments.
• Treatment with teriflunomide in the last 12 months except if the participant underwent the recommended elimination procedure as per Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC).
• Previous treatment with mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, cladribine, rituximab, ocrelizumab, leflunomide, or any cytotoxic therapy.
• Previous treatment with any investigational medication (drug that had not been approved at any dose or for any indication). Use of an investigational medication that is subsequently licensed and nonstandard use of a licensed medication (e.g., using a dose other than the dose that is stated in the licensed product labeling or using a licensed therapy for an alternative indication) was not exclusionary. Prior treatment with herbal medications or nutritional supplements was also permitted.
• Intolerance of pulsed corticosteroids, especially a history of steroid psychosis.
• History of malignancy.
• Prior documented history of thrombocytopenia, or platelet count at screening < lower limits of normal (LLN).
• Any disability acquired from trauma or another illness that, in the opinion of the Investigator, could interfere with evaluation of disability due to MS.
• Participants with known Type 1 hypersensitivity or anaphylactic reactions to the active substances or any of the excipients, or intolerance of acyclovir or its therapeutic equivalent.
• Major systemic disease or other illness that would, in the opinion of the Investigator, compromise participant safety or interfere with the interpretation of study results, e.g., current peptic ulcer disease, or other conditions that might predispose to hemorrhage, immune cytopenias, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, other connective tissue disorders, vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, severe psoriasis.
• Medical, psychiatric, cognitive, or other conditions that, in the Investigator's opinion, compromise the participant's ability to understand the participant information, to give informed consent, to comply with the trial protocol, or to complete the study.
• Major psychiatric disorder that is not adequately controlled by treatment in the opinion of the Investigator.
• Epileptic seizures that are not adequately controlled by treatment.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-related conditions: conditions that could interfere with MRI acquisition and/or interpretation of MRI results (eg, claustrophobia, orthopedic implants/treatments, orthodontic treatments etc).
• Known bleeding disorder (e.g., dysfibrinogenemia, factor IX deficiency, hemophilia, Von Willebrand's disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation, fibrinogen deficiency, clotting factor deficiency).
• Prior history of invasive fungal infections.
• Active infection, eg, deep-tissue infection, that the Investigator considers sufficiently serious to preclude study participation.
• In the Investigator's opinion, participant is at high risk for infection (e.g., indwelling catheter, dysphagia with aspiration, decubitus ulcer, history of prior aspiration pneumonia or recurrent urinary tract infection).

The above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to a participant's potential participation in a clinical trial.