A Phase I Study of Mozobil in the Treatment of Patients With WHIMS

Mozobil (TM) (plerixafor injection, Genzyme/Sanofi) is a Food and Drug Administration approved medication to mobilize CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells prior to apheresis and use in autologous transplantation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma when used in conjunction with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The drug s mechanism of action is the specific and reversible inhibition of the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, expressed on CD34+ cells and other leukocytes. This inhibition interferes with the binding of stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), which is constitutively expressed on bone marrow stromal cells and appears to cause direct and indirect cellular adhesive interactions. Severe congenital neutropenia is a rare inherited disorder in which the affected individuals develop chronic or cyclical neutropenia with circulating counts below 500 cells/microliter blood. This disorder may result from a variety of genetic defects in progenitor- or neutrophil-expressed genes such as elastase, CXCR4, G6PC3, etc. Myelokathexis is the abnormal retention of mature leukocytes in the bone marrow and is seen in some types of severe chronic neutropenia such as warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis syndrome (WHIMS). WHIMS is a rare primary immunodeficiency, which is known to be caused by mutations that enhance CXCR4 signaling. Our hypothesis is that Mozobil(TM) can be used safely to partially block CXCR4 and treat neutropenia resulting from myelokathexis at doses considerably lower than that being used for CD34+ cell mobilization. This new treatment could also improve other aspects of the disease such as frequent infections, warts, and hypogammaglobulinemia. To test this hypothesis, we propose this trial of Mozobil (TM) in adults with WHIMS, examining safety and absolute neutrophil count as the primary endpoint. Mozobil is injected subcutaneously and will be injected via syringes (up to 84 months) or via an infusion pump (pilot trial of up to 10 subjects for a 24-month period).

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:

All of the following inclusion criteria must be met for a subject to be enrolled in this study:

• Clinical diagnosis of WHIMS and documented severe infection
• Must be greater than or equal to 18 and less than or equal to 75 years of age
• Willingness to interrupt medications to raise the white count (WBC) such as G-CSF or GM-CSF for at least 2 days before and while on the study drug
• Must not be pregnant or breastfeeding
• Must have a personal physician
• Must be willing to provide blood, plasma, serum, and DNA samples for storage
• Subjects must agree not to become pregnant or to impregnate a female. If of childbearing potential, must agree to consistently use two types of contraception throughout study participation. Acceptable forms of contraception include the following:

• Condoms, male or female, with or without a spermicide
• Diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide
• Intrauterine device
• Contraceptive pills or patch, Norplant, Depo-Provera or other FDA-approved contraceptive method
• Male partner has previously undergone a vasectomy for which there is documentation of aspermatogenic sterility

Exclusion criteria

If any of the following exclusion criteria are met, a subject will not be enrolled in this study:

• Absence of a diagnosis of WHIMS
• Patient is less than 18 years old
• Absence of a documented history of severe infection
• Neutropenia due to maturation defects in the myeloid lineage or that the PI feels is unlikely to benefit from this medication
• Pregnant women or breastfeeding
• History of serious cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac defects that make such more likely
• Renal failure (calculated creatinine clearance [CrCl] <15 mL/min or requiring dialysis)
• Signs or symptoms of active microbial infection at the time of study entry.
• Any condition that, in the investigator s opinion, places the patient at undue risk by participating in the study
• Unwillingness to undergo testing or procedures associated with this protocol