3T MRI in Patients With Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

This is a prospective cohort study that will enroll patients who are about to or have already undergone DBS electrode placement for a variety of disorders including, but not limited to Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, depression, epilepsy, neuropathic pain and Alzheimer's disease. This eligible patient population is broad but unified by the fact that they will all undergo DBS to treat specific circuit dysfunctions. Pre-operative DBS patients and patients with externalized leads or internalized IPG may be included.

We propose to study patients with externalized leads or internalized IPG programmed at either 'switched off' (IPG at 0 volt and off state) and 'switched on' settings We have already performed phantom safety testing for these experimental conditions and found it to be safe. We propose to perform the following scans:

• Structural 1.5Tesla or 3Tesla MRI with 8 channel coil/or transmit-receive head coil - 3D FSPGR, standard FRFSE T2 scan, standard DTI scan (white matter tracts) and standard QSM (Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping) scan (Iron quantification).
• Resting state and task based functional MRI with 8 channel coil

Further, we propose to assess whether the aforementioned scans can be used as an adjunct to improve current DBS post-operative follow up.

Inclusion criteria

• Age between 18 and 85 years of age
• Participants must be planned to undergo, or have undergone implantation of DBS electrodes
• Participants must be able to understand the purpose of this research and must sign the informed consent form.
• Participants must understand that the role of this research is to enhance our understanding of brain functioning and that he/she will not directly or indirectly benefit from the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Participants who have serious cognitive or psychological impairments and cannot give informed consent.
• Participants who are unable to effectively or efficiently communicate, for example patients suffering from speech deficits (dysarthria, aphasia) or are non-English speaking.