2D:4D Finger Ratio and Breast Cancer in Women

This prospective study aims to evaluate the 2D:4D finger ratio in women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to healthy controls and to examine its potential association with tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3).

A total of 132 women are included in the study, comprising 79 patients with breast cancer and 53 healthy controls. Participants are recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios, and serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded. Statistical analyses are performed to assess correlations between finger morphometry and tumor marker levels.

The study seeks to explore whether finger length patterns and 2D:4D ratios are associated with breast cancer status and selected tumor markers, and to evaluate their potential relevance as non-invasive indicators related to hormonal exposure history.

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Key information

Conditions

Breast Cancer Anthropometric Measurements Breast Diseases Breast Neoplasms Females Medullary cystic kidney disease 1 Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Skin Diseases Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Age range

19 year–70 year

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Malatya Turgut Ozal University

Malatya, Central, 44100, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Prenatal hormonal exposure has been proposed as a potential factor influencing the development of hormone-related cancers. The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is considered an indirect marker of prenatal androgen and estrogen exposure and has been investigated in relation to various health conditions.

This prospective study is designed to evaluate differences in 2D:4D finger ratios between women diagnosed with breast cancer and healthy controls and to examine potential associations between digit ratios and tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3).

A total of 132 women are included in the study, consisting of 79 breast cancer patients and 53 healthy controls recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths of both hands are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios. Serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded as part of routine clinical evaluation.

Statistical analyses are conducted to assess correlations between finger measurements, digit ratios, and tumor marker levels. The study aims to explore whether finger morphometry may provide additional insight into hormonal exposure patterns and their potential relevance in breast cancer assessment.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Women aged 18 years and older with histopathologically confirmed primary breast cancer who were evaluated and/or treated at the breast clinic during the study period and who provided written informed consent were included in the study.

Exclusion criteria

Individuals with hand deformities, a history of finger fractures, or finger deformities were excluded from the study during finger measurements

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

only description measurement

Time frame: 1 patientt's measurements have taken nearly 20 minutes

The lengths of the second (index) and fourth (ring) digits were measured on both hands of all participants to calculate the 2D:4D digit ratio. Measurements were obtained using a digital caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm. Each digit was measured from the midpoint of the basal crease (proximal flexion crease) to the tip of the finger, with the hand placed flat and fully extended on a stable surface.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Malatya Turgut Ozal University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Finger 2d-4d Ratios And Cancer In Breast Cancer Patients. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start: 2024
Primary completion: 2024
Study completion: 2025
First posted: Feb 27, 2026
Registry last updated: Feb 27, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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Completed