18F-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Study to Explore Dopamine Synthesis Capacity in the Whole Striatum After 2 Weeks of Treatment With Ralmitaront or Placebo in Participants With Schizophrenia

Inclusion criteria

• Male patients with non-acute schizophrenia defined by DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia as established by the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI)
• Medically stable over 1 month and psychiatrically stable for at least 3 months prior to the screening visit
• Patients with evidence of clear treatment response to antipsychotics as documented by chart information or reported by the patient or an informant considered reliable by the Investigator
• Outpatient with no hospitalization for worsening of schizophrenia within 3 months prior to screening (hospitalization for social management within this time was acceptable)
• At least one positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) positive subscale item from P1 (delusion), P3 (hallucination), P5 (grandiosity), or P6 (suspiciousness/persecution) of mild or greater severity (score .3), but below 7 (extreme severity)
• Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 35 kg/m2 inclusive

Exclusion criteria

• Diagnosis for bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder or major depressive disorder based on DSM-5
• A prior or current general medical condition that might be impairing central nervous system (CNS) functioning (e.g., head trauma with persistent clinically significant neurological or cognitive sequelae, dementia, seizure disorder, stroke, neurodegenerative, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, toxic, metabolic or endocrine disorders)
• Average triplicate QTcF interval greater than 450 msec or other clinically significant abnormality on screening electrocardiogram (ECG) as assessed by the Investigator or deputy based on centralized reading
• Clinically significant abnormalities in laboratory safety test results (including hepatic and renal panels, complete blood count, chemistry panel and urinalysis)
• Positive result at screening for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV, untreated), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2. HCV patients who had been successfully treated and who tested negative for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA), could be considered eligible for entry into the study
• Patient at current significant risk of suicide or harming him or others according to the Investigator's judgment
• Patients with a history of violent/suicidal/homicidal behavior or history of suicidal/homicidal command hallucinations in the past 10 years
• Patients who have had 3 or more exacerbations associated with violent/suicidal/homicidal behavior or suicidal/homicidal command hallucinations (regardless of time)
• History of electroconvulsive treatment (ECT)
• Patients treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs or cariprazine
• Patients with known history of treatment resistance or having received clozapine within 3 months of screening
• Treatment with prohibited medication taken within 4 weeks (or within 5 times the elimination half-life of the medication) before the first study drug administration (whichever is longer). This included medications with known effects on cerebral blood flow.
• Use of grapefruit, Seville orange or star fruit containing products within 1 week before the first study drug administration
• Receipt of an investigational drug within 90 days or 5 times the half-life of the investigational drug, whatever was longer, prior to baseline visit
• Current active liver or biliary disease (with the exception of Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones or otherwise stable chronic liver disease per Investigator assessment)
• Moderate-to-severe substance use disorder within 6 months of screening (excluding caffeine) as defined by DSM-5
• Heavy smokers as defined by a high dependence score in the Fagerstrom Tolerance Scale (score ≥ 6)
• Positive urine drug screen for amphetamines, methamphetamines, opiates, buprenorphine, methadone, cannabinoids, cocaine and barbiturates after informed consent and prior to randomization
• Any sensorial impairment such as deafness and reduced visual acuity, which could not be corrected in the MRI scanner
• Clinically significant abnormal findings on the baseline MRI images such as stroke, infarction, space-occupying lesion such as tumor, structural abnormalities, or vascular pathology
• Known exposure to radiation in the last year that would mean the total exposure to radiation with participation in the study was likely to exceed 30 mSv
• Donation of blood over 400 mL within 3 months prior to screening